1. ZOMITE’ KICIAPTEHNA VAPHUAL THU
Zomite in thumanna leh cihtakna thupi sak uh a, tuate ciaptehna dingin vaphualin na kiciamteh uh hi. A pau a ham uh kithei lo-in, Kawlgam Vaigamah kikhen uh a, ngeina nangawn damdamin ki gamla deuhdeuh ding tawh kibang napi, Zomi kici nam khempeuh in amau leh amau a kiciapteh nadingin “Vaphual” na zang uh hi. Bang hang hiam cih leh Vaphual nupa a kici pen vasa dangte bang lo-in a ki-it pha diakte uh ahi hi. A nu hiam a pa hiam khat a si om leh lungleng lua-in amah guak om theilo hi. Van sangpi-ah lengin sangpi atun ciangin lei-ah kikia sakin kisih bawl tangial ci uh hi.
2. Zomite’ pian khiatna thu
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Tua banah a bu sungah a tui a nu in a op ciangin, hoih takin a bu khempeuh singnai tawh hu bit sitsetin a lu thawl theih nading mun khat bek vangsak a, a pa in an zongin vak khia-in a nu an va puak zelzel hi. A hi zongin a om loh kalin mun khat vangsak, keh sak kha leh, a pa lungkim lo-in “nang ciampel, ka om loh kalin midang tawh kizom hi teh, ci-in an puak nawnlo, don nawnlo ahih manin a nu pen a bu sung pan lah leng khia thei nawnlo-in tua bangin a bu sungah si-in muat cip lel hi, ci-in khanglui te’n na gen uh hi. Ki sihpih ngam zah dong a ki it ahih hangun a ciampel a om ciangin ki nusia ngam uh hi.
Tua hi a, hih VAPHUAL’ cihtakna leh ki-itna thupi sa-in ei Zomite in Zomi kiciaptehna-in ih nei hi.
2. ZOMITE KOI PAN HONG PIANG
Thu masa
Zomi tangthu kante’ kanna paninZomite’ piankhiatna thu gen dan leh muh dan a kibang lo khatkhat a om tawh kibang hi. A hi zongin Mongolia pan a pai ih hihna mi khempeuh in kipom kim ciat hi. Tua ahih manin Zomite’ pianna thu a kicing thei pen leh a tom thei pen dingin hih a nuai-ah kigelh hi.
Ei Zomite pen tu ma kum tampi lai-in Mongolia gam panin Tibet gam sung mual sang tunga om Mongol minam sung pana piang, Mongolia minam ih hi hi. Tua hun lai-in sik haksat hun lai ahih manin sing zum suang zum tawh galdo-in a nungta Zomite ih hi a, Munkip gam kip neilo-in a lal kawikawite ih hi hi.
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Tibet gam sungah ih teen lai-in Kawlgamah Nigarito leh Indozini minamte na teng khin zo uh hi. Tibet gamah gal leh sa haksa-in Monkhama TaiShan leh Tibeto Burman minam lian thumin na kikhen uh a, Monkhama minamte in Salween gun leh Mechaung gundung zui-in Kawlgam na tung uh hi. Kawlgama teng sa Nigarito leh Indonizi mite hawlkhia-in Irrawaddy, Sittaung leh Salween gun kuam tengah na teng uh hi. Kawlgam sunga teng mite lak panin a teng masa pente ih hi hi. Kawlgamah mi hong tam semsem ciangin mun tuamtuamah na lal kawikawi uh a, tua huna minthang kumpite in Tuhawanahbungmih (Thahto), Hanthawady (Okkalapa), Dagon, Bassein, Thanlyan, Twinty, Moulmein, Pegu leh Mohatama khuapite ahi hi.
Monkhama minamte Kawlgam sung a tun zawh a sawtlo-in, Tibeto Burman kici minamte Tibet gam nisuahna lam teng Bramaputra gun dung zui-in na lal uh a, tua pan Irrawaddy leh Talawady (Chindwin) gun dung zui-in Kawlgam a lut mite ahi uh hi. Tua minamte Takaung khua-ah na teng uh a, Kawlgam a tung minam nihnate na hi uh hi.
BC 100 kum pawlin China gam Yangyi gun khang lama teng TaiShan mite in China kumpi khut nuai leh ukna thuak zolo-in Shan gam tengah na teng uh hi. AC 200 kum pawlin Asia gam pan Karen mite hong lalin Irrawaddy gun leh Salween gunkuam kikalah hong teng uh a, tua mun pan pawl khatte zang gam leh pawlkhatte mualtungah na teng uh hi. Zanggam Karen leh mualtung Karente na hi uh hi. (1947 kum G.E. Harvey gelh, “Outline of Burmese History,” leh 1947 kum Daw Thein gelh, “Burmese History” laibu sungah ki ciamteh hi).
4 Zomite’ pian khiatna thu
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(a) Pyu, Kanyan, Tet Minam Kipat khiatna
Tua hun lai-in Kawlgam sunga teng minamte in amau leh amau ki uk uh hi. Takaung khua-ah Abrirasa in kumpi sema, a sih ciangin atapa Kanyasakyi leh Kanyasage apa kumpi za kituh uh hi. Kanyasage kumpi a suak hi. A u pa Kanyasakyi Takaung khua panin a galkapte tawh Talawady (Chindwin) gun kanin Bunglung (Zasagyo) khua na sat uh hi.
Kanyasage kumpipa a sih ciangin Duatapoing in a za laihin Takaung khua pan lal khia a, Tazikhitaza khua asat hi. Duatapong a sih ciangin Tamudare in kumpi sema, gam leh lei makaih zolo-in AC 721 kum kim pawlin Tazekhitaza khua kisia a, Pyu, Kanyan, Tet minam thumin hong kikhen uh hi. Pyute Kawl mi, Kangyante Rakhaing mi, Tet minamte (Chin) Zomite na hi uh hi. (G.E. Harvey gelh, “Outline of Burmese History” ah kigelh hi).
Tua bang a minam thuma hong kikhen uh ciangin Pyu leh Kanyante hong kido uh a, Kanyante in Tazekkhitaza khua hong nusia-in nitumna lam Tahndwe (Sandoway) mualtungah na teng uh hi. Pyu minam sungah kilem lohna hong piang veve hi. Amau leh amau hong kido uh hi. Pyute khen thum hong kikhen uh a, khen khat in Diahbenmite beelin, khen khat in Tet mite beelin, khen khat in Tazekhitaza puah pha-in na teng uh hi. (G.E. Harvey gelh, “Outline of Burmese History” leh Daw Thein gelh, “Burmese History” sungah kigelh hi).
(b) Tet (Chin) minamte Khenpi Thumin Kikhen
AC 721 kum Tamuhdare kumpi hun sungin Tazekhitaza kisia ahih manin minam lian thumin a kikhen khit uh ciangin Chin (Zomi) namte in mun leh gam zong dingin a sul masa uh gundung hong zui kik uh a, khenpi nihin hong kikhen to uh hi.
Zomite’ pian khiatna thu 5
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A pai masate Irrawaddy gun leh Chindwin kituahna mun a tun uh ciangin nahtang tampi a pona tuak uh hi. A nung a hong pai a naute’ theih dingin nahtangkungte tem tawh sattan uh hi. Tua nahtang sattante a laingek a sawt lo-in hong dawk kik pah a, Tua ciangin pai to suak lai uh a “Ih ute pha zo nawnkei ni” ci-in Bahmaw gam tengah khua na sat pah uh hi. Tua mite pen Tet pan Kachin mi na kici uh hi. A pai masa a ute uh tawh akiman suahna uh a phawk nadingin tempaai a bawl uh ciangin a phel lang khat bek a bawl uh hi. Inn a lam uh ciangin zong a ute’ tun nading ci-in dei khat awng sak den uh hi cih thu 1978 kum a ki bawl,” Kalzang suante beh tangthu” sungah kigelh hi.
A pai masate paina a theih zawh nawn loh uh ciangin anaute in Chindwin gun hong kantan uh a, Sagain, Monywa, Pagan, Nyaungoo khuate satin na teng uh hi. Tua gam a teen sungin Tet pan Chin min hong piang a, tua a teenna mun teng pen, “Chinte phual kici-in tu dongin a mun a gam ciapteh theih dingin om lai hi. Tua hun a kipan Talawady gun pen Chindwin gun ci-in kikhel hi.
Monywa khua kiang Sabani khua panin tai nihna munah Chinte’ tual biakna bawlna suangpi pii sawm leh thum (13’) a sang khat tu dongin muh theih dingin om lai a, tua mun pen Kawlte in, “chin Phaya” (Chin god) na ci uh hi. Zomite in “pasian phaya” ih cih pen hih mun pan pek a piang kammal ahi hi. (Falamgam kum 100 cin magazine laibu, laimai 232 ah kigelh hi). Pagan khua min hong pian theihna a cilin Pugamah, Pigamah cih kammal hi a, tua pan Pagan kici hi cih thu, U Ba Than gelh “Kyaungtung Myanma Yazawin” tangthu bu sung leh Dr. Neih Sial Tualcin Ph.D gelh “Guite kual a lutna” laimai 2 ah leh AD 1044 a kawlte khuapi Pagan pen ih pu ih pate phuahsa hi ci-in kigelh hi.
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(c) Tet Minamte Ki ukna
Tua hunin a tunna ciatah amau leh amau ki uk hi. Kawlgam sungah Pyu.(Mon leh Tet (Chin) kumpite minthan hun ahi hi. Tua hun lai China kumpi gam vilte tawh sum kilei kizuakna kinei uh a, AD 750 kumin China kumpipa Kolofeng in Pyu kumpi gam simin na zo a, Pyu kumpipa’ neihsa teng leh a galkap teng matsakin Kunming khua-ah a ciahpih hi. Tua hunin Tet (Chin) te teenna khua singkulh tawh ki umin a laizangah kumpi inn kilam hi. Kumpi inn kimkotah singkhuam phutin Kham leh Ngun tawh kumpi inn zem hi kici hi. (JH Tun Thawng gelh “Zomite Takkhahna” laibu).
(d) Tette’ phualpi Pagan pan Kikhenna
AD 835 kumin Nancho kumpi in Tet kumpi khua Pagan simin na zo a, a kham a ngunte leh a galkapte 3000 matsakin Irrawaddy gundunga om Kham leh Ngunte a zong sak hi. Tette in Nacho kumpi lel ahih manun kithehthang leuleu uh a, pawlkhatte Irrawaddy gun dung zui-in Prome, Tahazet, Aunglan, Minbu gam tengah lal khia uh hi. Tuate in Plain chin, Aso Chin, Salai Chin kici uh hi. Pawl khatte Kaladan gun dung zui-in na lal leuleu uh a, Mindat, Kanpetlet gama tengte cho kici-in Paletwa gama tengte Khumi kici uh hi.
Pawlkhat te’n Chindwin gun dung zui to uh a, Chindwin leh Metei gun tituahna mun a tun uh ciangin gal nan nading mun hoihsa uh hi. Khaman (Kale) leh Natchaung (Enden) kuam tengah AD 850 pawlin na tung uh hi. A om lai pawlkhat te’n Chindwin gun dung zui to-in Mawlaik saklamah na tung uh hi. Tua mite tu hun ciangin Kuki (Tangkun) leh Naga (Phizo) minamte ahi uh hi. Pawlkhatte Pagan, Nayaungoo mun tengah lokho-in teng uh hi.
Zomite’ pian khiatna thu 7
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Tet (Chin) mite a tuntunna munah amau leh amau ki ukin, Khaman (Kalay) a tun uh ciang a om sa Shan mite uk sung tung kha uh ahih manin nuamsa lo uh hi. Tua Khaman a om sungin Shante ngeina zui-in Langkui mual (Kalay Natchaung kikal) kum simin Bawng khat ta tawh bia uh hi.
Hih bangin ei Zomite’ nuntak nopna zonna leh gal leh sa kihtakna hangin mun tuam gam tuamah kithehthang hanga, kampau mukpaute kitheihpih nawn lo-in a sau vei ciangin ih teenna mun leh gam zui-in minam tuamtuam beh leh phung tuamtuam ih hi ta hi.
(e) Tu lai Zomite’ Teenna leh Minam Minte
8 Zomite’ pian khiatna thu
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(f) ZOMI Namte sungah Minam Neu Tuamtuam Kikhenna
Kawlgam sungah minam lianpi 6 na om a, tua sung panin nam neu tuamtuam 135 om hi kici hi. Kachin minam sung panin nam neu khen 12 om hi. Karen minam sung panin nam neu 11 om hi. Zo minam sung panin nam neu 53 om hi. Kawl minamte sungah nam neu 9 om hi. Mon minamte sungah nam neu 1 bek om hi. Shan minamte sungah nam neu 33 om hi hang.
Zomite’ pian khiatna thu 9
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Tu-in Zo minamte sunga om nam neu tuamtuamte a nuai a bangin kimu thei hi. Ih gensa bangin Zo minamte lakah nam neu 53 omin, kampau 60 val bang om hi ci-in kimu hi. Tuate sung panin:-
By Phun Kar Thang, Yangon
By Salai Taung Saing Lyian
By Tang Za Tuan, Yangon
By U Van Peng, Matupi
By U Aung Kyaw, Paletwa
10 Zomite’ pian khiatna thu
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Kanpetlet lehMindat gam sungah:- Kuansian, Kumram, Koktu, Kheitu, Khungchi, Ashung, Chiaisamanatu, Setuimanatui, Tashu, Tataa, Thankung, Data, Panta, Bautu, Matui, Mangthang, Yutu, Suibobawbok, Suilaung, Rapsa, Siaptuisepa, Ram, Rawngkhaw, Rai, Lawi, Hlar, Lungsachaungsa, Lungpyauh, Hungtui, Amlong, Ungtui, Sianhnunghatdi cih bangin nam 32 bang om hi.
By Mindat Boning, Mindat Yugin
By Dr. Salai Aung Taik
(g) Kachin leh Chin unau ih hihna
Ei Zomi a nei zaw deuhte in Talap (Kongbuk) innka mong sikkang inn ahih kei leh singtom tawh kilam tangvalte giah nangin inn lam thei hi hang. Hih buk a ki mawk lam hilo a, khanglui mite in, ih sanggam Kachin mite ong pai tak ciangin a zin tun nading na ci uh hi. Tua mah bangin ih Sanggam Kachinte in zong inn a lam uh ciangin inn sung dei no khat na tuam bawl leuleu uh hi. Tempai a bawl uh ciangin alang bawl lo uh a, tua a lang pen Malih leh Malihkha gun kuam a ih kiman suahna, ih kiphak lohna mun nahtang tampi a na tuah lai vua, tua nahtang a sattanna tempaai khat Zomite kep na ci uh hi. Ih kimuh kik ciangin buptuah kik ding na ci se lai uh hi.
Zomite’ pian khiatna thu 11
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(h) Ki-itna Khitui
AD 2003 January kha sungin, Kawlgam buppi Tuiphum Pawlpite kum thum sim kikhopna (Khawmpi) Kachin gam Myitkyina khua-ah tungin thupi mahmah hi. Palik galkapte cih bang kul lo-in khangnote in tavuan la a, buaina haksatna khat zong omlo hi. Tua khawmpi man ni nitakin Kachin leh Chinte K.B.C. zumpi sungah ei unau kimuh tuamna leh holimna nei nuam hang ci-in omkhawm uh hi. Tua lai-ah K.B.C. Chairmanpa hong thusunna-ah, “Tuma kum thum lai-in, no Zomi te’n “Zam” khap kua khat nong piak pen uh lungdam hong thuk nuam ung,” ci-in thu hong sung uh a, unau khat ih hihna thute hong gen khit uh ciangin Kachin tem a paai lang khat neilo a a bawl uh lungdam kohna-in tempaai hong pia uh hi. “Tu-in a kimu kik hi hang, ih tempaai a buptuah thei kik hi hang,” ci-in hong gen uh hi.
Tua pawi sima a vapai Zomi palai taang mite leh sanggam Kachinte a nak ngek uh na-in khitui naptui ki luang tek hi. “Mailamah ih tu ih tate Gospel ih kipai tuak nading leh ih ki-it semsem nadingin ih omna ciat pan hanciam tek ni,” ci-in ki vaikhak uh hi.
(i) Lal khiat cilna leh Khawlzang Tunna
Ih pu ih pate Tibet gam sungah a om lai-un bangmah kikhualna om nailo-in inn leh lo zong neilo uh hi. Tua hih manin lei hawm suang hawm peuh beelin na om lel uh hi. A kipat khiat cilin Kawlte a tuamin paikhia masa uh a, ih pu ih pate Kachin mite tawh tawl khat tonkhawmin amau’ nungah en’ a zui ih hi hi. Amau pialna thei lo-in mailam nawtin kipai sak hi. Lampi-ah nahtang a bantanna uh a laingek nadawk to khin ahih manin ih sanggamte tawh gamlapi kihal khin ta ni ci-in delh sawm nawnlo uh ahih manin a kikhen kha ih hi hi na ci uh hi.
12 Zomite’ pian khiatna thu
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Tuikaang dung acih Chindwin gun dung kizui suksuk hi a, a khang simin na teng suksuk uh hi. A sawt ciangin pawlkhatte Khawhken na tung uh a, pawlkhatte leuleu Khawlzang na tung uh hi. Khawhken a cih gun tawbinna ci-in tua mun pen tu hun a Gunkhawmg hih tuak hi. Khawlzang ih cih gundung pan ka khia hi a, Kawlzang ih tun cilna mun kici thei ding hi. Nidang lai-in ih pu ih pate khawlkhawm, teng khawm, kingak khawm cihna mun ahi hi. Tua Khawlzang munah kum 400 bang kiteng phial dingin ki ummawh hi. Ih kim ih paama om mi te’n Khawlte ahih kei leh Kawlte na ci uh hi. Khawlzang pen tu hun a Kale kabaw huam khempeuh hi dingin ki ummawh hi. Tua hun lai pekin Khuang, Zam, Phit, Sialki, Gawsem, Liamlo, Kilong, Daakbu, Khipi tang leh khibah-te pua kawikawi a, Thangmual dawn a tun uh ciangin a khuadak uh leh nopci sa-in paipai uh a, Khawlzang khua a lal san suak uh ahi hi.
(j) Khawlzang phuisamna
Khimpi zinni, Khapi kiat ni, khawhkhenah khawl zangah
Micin sa cin kikhawl nung, Tungpi suahni khapi nem nikpi Na niksan hong hai ta teh, Na nik la a na pai kik leh, Vanu khulpi hong khup nelh ta teh, khul vangah hong suak ta teh, Dawi-in kau-in hong piang ta teh, gan tualngo zingin kuan teh, Na gan tualngo zon hi guh tep ke’n, Nagan tualngo zo um nga ta, Na khua zuan in na tui zuan in, A tong a lam ding hong ngaklah hi.
Khul sunga a teen lai uh hi ta leh, Khawhkhen a a teenna lai uh hi ta leh, Khawlzanga a teen lai uh hi ta leh, hih phuisamna kammalte in hong theisak hi. Tua ciangin Ciamvumpi dung zui-in hongpai to uh a, Mutuan vum hong tun madeuhin lam khangah kawhawmpi khat na mu hi. Tua munah sawtpi tak mah na teng leuleu uh a, tua mun pen “KHULPI” na ci uh hi.
Zomite’ pian khiatna thu 13
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Tua ahih manin khangluite in KHUL a piang hi hang na ci uh hi. Bang hang hiam cih leh ih pu ih pate in Mongolia panin hong pai khiat cil a kipanun inn kip lo kip neilo-in ten nadingin kawhawm, leihawm peuh na beel uh hi. Khul a ih om lai ciang bek na thei uh a tua bang siah na thei to nawnlo uh ahih manin Ei Zomite Khul a piang hi hang a ci hi kha ding hi. Ih pu ih pate thah leh mat a thupi sak, ahih mah bangun tua mun panin nuamsa tuanlo-in sa tamna, gam hoihna mah na zong lai veve uh a, tua mun panin mun tuamtuamah kikhenin khua na sat kawikawi uh hi.
Thu lakna:-
2004 kum a Yangon a kibawl Jasuan Beh Teizang Nam Sagihte’ Khang Tangthu Bu” sung pan a kila sawn ahi hi.
3. A HIH LEH ZOMI IH CIH KUA TENG ?
Zomi ih cih pen Zosuante ih cih, Mizo te’n “Zo Hnahthlak” a cih teng Britis kumpi in hong uk ma-in amau hong ciaptehna-ah “will hill tribes’ ci-in, ih gam pen “un-administered area” ci uh hi. Zosuan lak a nitumna lam a tung masate Bengali leh Assamese te’n “Kuki” ci-in na ciamteh uh a, hih pen Mikang lai tawh a kiciaptehna 1792 kum hi ding hi. Britist kumpi in 1872 kuma Mizoram lak a kipat ciangin, tua laitaka Lushei kampau tam pen a hihna tawh a gam “Lushei Hills” vawh pah hi. Kawlgam lamah ahih leh “Chin” ci-in hong ciamteh hi. A hi zongin, “Chin” cih kammal bang cihna, koi pan hong kipan, bang hun a hong piang cih kankhiatna taktakna om nailo hi. Lamkhat panin Zo minamte Chin hong ki cihna Kawlte hong lawhna a kikawm maw? Ahih kei leh Mikang galkap te’n Chin hill/ Cin hills’ a na cih uh maw cih zong ki theilo hi.
14 Zomi ih cih kua teng?
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Bangbang hi ta leh, Chin ih cihte Kawl gam lama om teng kitangsak zaw deuhin, India gam lama om teng Lushei ahih kei leh Kuki, cih kitangsak zaw deuh hi. Mikangte in Zomi nam teng mi khat sa khat a hong muhna tawh lom khat a hong lawhnop uh ciangin “Chin-Kuki” cih bangin, “Chin-Lushei” cih bangin hong lo uh hi. Tua ahih manin British kumpi in Zomi namte’ tenna teng uk nading a 1896 kuma a kibawl thukhun zong “Chin Hills Regulation Act’ vawh ziau uh hi.
Hih thukhun pen Chin hills banah Lusheite, Kukite leh Nagate’ teenna teng huamsakin kizang hi. Mikangte in Chin, Kuki, Lushei ci a hong ciapteh uh hangin amau mah in, “Amau pen Chin hiam Kuki hiam kici hetlo mah uh hi ven,” hong ci kik veve uh hi. J.G Scott in a laibu bawlna-ah “Burma” cihah, “The names Kuki and Chin are not given to them by the Burmese and ourselves; they do not call themselves Chins and they equally flout the name of Kuki which their Assamese and Bengali neighbors use. They call themselves Zhou or Shu, and in other parts Yo (Zo) or Lai” ci-in, Dr. G.A Grierson lehmidangte’ muhna mah tawh kituakin na gelh hi.
Bertram S. Carey leh H.N Tuck te’n zong Zote, Thadote leh Guite thu a gelhkhopna-ah, “These Zos, Thados and Guites are called by the Manipuri’s Kuki or Khongjais, who only made their acquaintance after they had migrated north, but the peoples call themselves by the name of Zo (Yo)” ci-in na ciamteh uh hi. Guite Innpipa Pu Go Khaw Thang zong “Go Khaw Thang who, as already related, was seized by the Manipuris in the course of the Lushei expedition of 1871-72, was the Zo Chief of Mualpi,” ci-in Zo hausa mah na ci uh hi.
Zomi ih cih kua teng? 15
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Mikangte in Chin, Kuki ci-in hong ciapteh uh hangin amau mah in “Zou” mah nong ci veve uh hi. A kipat cil lam laimai 3 na sung a ih gensa om mah bangin Ei Zomite pen leitung minam lompi thum a om laka Mongoloid minam hiang khat hi-in, kampau tawh kizui-in Mongoloid minam laka Tebeto-Burman hiang khat ih hih lam hong tel mahmah uh hi. Mikangte’ hong lawhna uh om bangin ei zong tu akipanin hih sungah “Zomi nam” ci-in zang ta ding hi hang.
Zomi namte pen minam thu kante in Mongolian mite’ suan..Tebeto-Burman laka mi…” hi danin gen uh a, kipom kim thei tek hi leh kilawm hi. “Mongol pen minam min hi-in, “Mongolian” pen zepna kammal (adjective) hi a, “Mongolia’ cih a gam min genna-in ki zang hi. “Mongloloid” cih leuleu pen “Mongol minam suan leh khak teng genna-in kizang hi. Tua hi a, Zomi namte in “khat” ih hi hi. Zomi namte in ih bul ih phung taktak (ethic origin) a kikan khia nailo ahih hangin ei pen Tibet gam tawnin Sengam pan Kawlzangah tungin, tua panin tu a ih omna tengah a ki zeel hi hang, cih ih pom thei tek hi.
Pu Vum Son’ muhna-ah ih minam min “Zo” cih pen “Zo” kici suante ih hih man hi, na ci hi. Tua ih pu ih pate gam in Sengamah ei tawh ih kibatpih Tibet mite, Kawl, Naga, Bodo, Kachin, Lahu-te tawh teng khawng hi. Sengam panin Jesu’ suah ma pekin sim lamah ki taikhia-in, Jesu’ suah khit kum 100 khawng ciangin Chindwin gam kuam tengah ki teng ta hi, ci hi. Kawlzang panin Zo minamte AD 1000 kum pawl panin nitumna la khamtung gamah tai kipan ta dingin ki ummawh hi. Khamtung gam a tai, pawlkhatte in Ciimnuai khua sat uh a, tuate pen tu lai taka “Zomi” a kici Tedim gam, Tonzang gam, Manipur gam leh Mizoram dong a teng, Ciimnuai a piang a kici teng ih hi hi. Ciimnuai khua mun in tu laitak a Saizang khua
16 Zomi ih cih kua teng?
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khang ahi hi. Pawlkhatte in Sunthla khua kiangah Lailun khua sat uh a, tuate tu laitak a “Lai” a kici Falam, Haka leh Thantlang mite hi a, Lailun piang zong kici uh hi. Pawlkhatte in Suunpi munah Bochung khua sat uh a, tuateLushei suan minam tuamtuamte hi-in, tua panin tulai taka Mizoram kici-ah kizel uh hi.
A tai lote Zo minam pawlkhatte Yaw gamah thaam suak uh a, Kawlte tawh kigawm uh ahih manin Kawl bang buang, Zo bang buang khat suak uh hi. Kawlte in “Zo” pen “Yaw” ci-in gelh uh ahih manin “Yaw mi” a suak uh ahi hi.
Zo minamte khamtung lamah a lomin a tai ma-in khamtung gamah Khumi/Khamite na tung zo uh hih tuak hi. Asho-te pen khamtung kah lo-in Kawlzang leh Arakan zang lam zuan uh hi. Cho-te bang ci lal uh hiam cih ki theilo hi.
Hih bangin Zo minamte namdangte in atuamtuam a hong ciaptehna uh hang ahi zongin, ih lalna lampi zawi kibat lohna hangin ahi zongin, tu-in lom tuamtuamah kikhenin nam tampi ih kisuah hi. Hih bang a lom tuamtuam a ih omna in nidang a minam khat hinapi damdam a kikhenkhen maw, ahih kei leh nidang a minam tuamtuam tek ki hinapi damdam a ki gawmgawm maw? cih ngaihsut huaipi khat suak hi.
ZOMI nam ni hong pian khiatna thu 17
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4. ZOMI NAM NI HONG PIAN KHIATNA ZIA
Zomi Nam Ni pen Tuunkha (February) 20 ni-in kiciamteh hi. Hih ni in muhna toi tawh hong piangkhia vat hilo-in minam leh gam itna lianpi tawh hong kipan khia ahi hi. Hih Zomi Nam Ni hong piankhiatna thu pen a zaipi khat ahi hi.
Hih ni-in Zomite’ adingin suahtakna, ki-it kilemna, minam vai leh cikmah cianga a mangthang ngei nawnlo ding Zomite’ tangthu mungpi khat ahi hi.
Zomite’ adingin Zomi Nam Ni a hong piankhiatna thu tel taka ih theihtheih nadingin hih banga a hong piankhiatna tangthu tawm beek ih theihloh ki phamawh hi. Mikang kumpi in ni suahna lam gamte hong keeka, India ciang hong tung ta hi.
18 ZOMI nam ni hong pian khiatna thu
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India panin Kawlgam khanglam teng 1824 kumin hong la hi. 1852 kum tak ciangin Kawlgam phellang hong laaksak khin ta uh hi. 1885 kum ciangin Kawlgam buppi hong nuaisiah uh hi. Tua hun laitakin Zogam pen ei le ei ki-ukna India leh Kawlgam kikal-ah om hi. Zogam in Kumpi neilo-in mi khempeuh kumpi leh nautaang kici hi. Ki-ukna Thukhunpi ki neilo hi. Hih bang tengin gamkeek, huang-eu Mikangte in hong muh ciangun Zogam hong sim uh a, kum tampi hong sim khit 1896 ciangin Zogam hong la zo uh a, 1907 ciangin Zomite’ deihna hilo, Mikang kumpi deihna tawh ki-ukna hong bawlsakin Zomi tangpi tangta’ deihna donglo-a, Zomi leh Zogam uk ding Ukpi (Feudal Chief) hong guan ziau uh hi. Tua banga hong bawlnate uh kithuak nuam tuan lo-in Kawlgam sunga om minam kimte tawh a kibangin Zomite in Mikangte ih dona tangthu ciaptehna-in Zomi Nam Ni hong piankhia ahi hi. Tua tangthu leh-et kik leng:-
1939 kum khit ciangin suahtakna ngah nanga hanciamna hong nasia semsem hi. Zomite’ khuamuhna zong hong zai semsema, Zomi Kipawl khopna panmunlente in gam keek Mikang kumpi’ tungah anuai a bangin nam 9 na ngen uh hi. Tuate in:-
ZOMI nam ni hong pian khiatna thu 19
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na’ng.
na’ng.
9. Kawlgam in suahtakna a ngah ciangin Zogam in zong a kibanga a ngah pah na’ng.
ci-in thu nam 9 na ngen uh hi.
Hih atunga ngetna nam 9 te Mikang kumpi in a piak ding sangsikin, hih kipawlna a bei na’ng hanciam lai hi. Makai teng zong gamvai (politics) a sep nawn loh nading uh thupia zawsop hi. Ahih hangin mipi-in Mikangte’ vaihawmna a deihlohna uh nakpi takin lakkhia uh ahih manin Kanpetlet pan Mikangte taikhia uh hi.
Kawlgam in Suahtakna ih ngah cil ahi 1949 kum-a ki-at Gambup Thukhunpi tawh kizui-in Paliman (Parliament) a a dawl tungnung leh a nuainung ci-in dei nih om hi. Zomi namte adingin tua Paliman dawl nih aitang palai puak ding hong kul ta hi. Palimanah Zomi tangpi tangtate’ lungkimna tawh a kitel palai puak ding ahih hangin Minam kim Palimante- ah gamke dangte bangin Ukpite leh Khawk-ukte’ tel palai puak ding maw- cih thu kitelkhiatna hong omta hi. Tua thu siangsak dingin Zomite kimtaka thu kikupkhopna a khatveina Zomi Nambup Khawmpi (Zomi National Conference) Falam khua-ah 1948 kum Tuun kha (February) kha 12 ni pan 22 ni dong nasia takin kibawl hi. Tua khawmpi a ni nihni-in Tedim pana Pu Thang Khaw Kai in thu sunna nei hi. Tua in Suahtakna ngah ma hun lai-in Zogamah Gamkeekte’ hong nutsiat gamah hoihlo ahi hi. Ukpite leh Khawkukte’ hong uk cipna hanga a piang mi, kuli vanpuate thaman pia lo-a sawlna, mizawng nautangte in khua-ul
20 ZOMI nam ni hong pian khiatna thu
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sisan luanga a thalawhsa, a sepsa tungah thuman lo-pi a laksakna, akipan a thuneihnate uh uang zatluatnate’ hangin nakpi takin gentheihna kithuak hi.
Tua ahihmanin hih Ukpi ngeina tawh ki-ukna a zung natawmin long khia-a ei leh ei suakta taka mipi’deih ngeina tawh ki-uk na’ng cih ahi hi.
Tua a thusun pen Falam, Lailun huam tang a pai a hi Pu Chun mang leh Kanpetlet pan palai Pu Thang Muangte nih in thukimpih pah uhhi. Tua a thusun thukimpihna mipi vote tawh a khensak uh ciangin mipi 5000 sung pan vote sagih bek in nial-a vote 4993 in thakhat thu-in lungkimpih ahih manin kikipsak pah hi.
Hih banga atamzaw thukimna tawh Ukpi ngeina a kibeisak nadingin Zomi nam khempeuh mipi’ deihna tawh ki-ukna ahi Democracy huihdam kidik kha a, khuamuhna mittang hong keuh ta hi.
Hih banga kikhopna a kibawl khit phetin thuvaihawm pawl in Ukpite a kibeisak manin liauna (compensation) dangka 500,000 pia pah hi. Tua dangka pen a zaa lianpen panin a zaa neupen dong 70,000; 20,000; 5000; 1000 leh 100 cih bangin seh hawmsak uh hi. Tua pana kipanin kum tampi a kithuak ki-uk cipna, kigawtna leh Ukpite’ siahkaihna khut nuai pan kisuakta ta hi.
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Gamkeekte’ hong guat gamh hoihlo Ukpi ngeina tawh ki-ukna a beina ni ciapteh nadingin Theinosih kha (February) 20 ni pen Zomi Nambup adingin ni thupi pen ni hi, ci-in kiciamteh hi.
Hih pen Kawlgam sung bek thamlo leitung buppi in hong theihpih nading deihna tawh 1950 kumin Falam khua-ah Zomi Nam Ni nasia takin kibawla, tua lai-ah Kumpipa Sao Shwe Thaik leh a pawlte zong na kah uh hi. Hih bang teng ciangin “ZOMI NAM NI” hong piangkhia ahi hi. Zomi a kici peuhmah in hih ni thupi ni kumsimin bawl dena, a kip tawntung nadingin Zomi khempeuh ii mawhpuak ahi hi.
5. ZOMI NAM NI A PHAWK HUAI NA
February 20, 2004 ni pen Zomi namni kum 56 cinna hi ta hi. Ei Zogam khamtungah atung nunung pawl, kum zalom 14 hun peka kipanin eimau Hausa leh Ukpite tawh limtakin ki-ukna a kicianin ih nei hi. Mikaang gamkekte in, Kawlgam hong uk khit ciangin ei Zogam pen kawlgam ii gam khat (province) in 1896 September kha-in hong ciapteh sakin 1896 Chin Hills Regulation Act tawh ih zatngei Ukpi ki-ukna mah hong zang paisuak sak uh hi.
22 ZOMI nam ni hong pian khiatna thu
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Kawlgambuppi in 1948 kumin suahtakna ki ngah kikin Parliamentary Democracy tawh ki-ukna hong kilaih ciangin, ei Zogamah zong Ukpi ngeina kizang nawnlo-in Council kiteelna tawh kilaih hi. Tuabang a hoih tak a, a kilaih nadingin ei Zomibup in Falam khua-ah mihing Tulnga val kikhawmin thu khensat ni a hi February 20, 1948 pen Zominam ni ci-in 1951 kum ciangin ki kipsak hi.
Zomi namni hong tunsialin ngaih sut huai leh phawk huai a thupite lakah thu nih om kasa hi. Tuate in Ei Zomi ki thutuah nading leh khantoh masuan zawh nading cihte a hi hi. Nidang lai-in Ki hawh kikawmna a haksat manin khua khat leh khua khat zong mi dang pi kisa kha liang hi.
Ih pau leh aw kaihzia tawmtawm a ki lamdan manin mikhual-in ih kingaih sun kha liang hi. Tu-in khat leh khat kipi, kikawm, kimu, semkhawm a ih om ciangin midang sadang ih hih het lohna kiphawk semsemin kitheih siam, kisang siam ta hi hang. 50 veina Zominamni Golden Jubilee Yangon-ah a kibawl lai-in Zomite khantohna ciaptehna Golden Jubilee Commemorative Magazine laibu limci mahmah khat hong bawl khia uh hi. 52 veina Zomi nam ni bawl Yangon Commiteete in Zomi pianzia sutna, Ngeina, khantohna leh mailam ngimna ci-in Myone buppi sagih in sehin thukanna kinei a, tu-in a laibu-in Zomi nam ni lapin hong suak khia ta hi. Tua banah a thupi pen khat in ei Zomite Chin ci-in Kawlgam, Vaigamah hong kilawh hangin ei leh ei Zo, Lai, Cho, Sho, Yo, Yaw, Khu ci-in Myone zui a ih kilawh ngeingei pen phungpi khat, ih pianna ih Pu’ min kibang gegu, lawhna leh ciaptehna kibang lo lel hi kha ding hi cih ciang kitung ta hi.
Tu hunin Pilna, Siamna khangto mahmahin Kawlgam zong hong khangto ta hi. Kawlgam sung a om minam lakah ei
ZOMI nam ni hong pian khiatna thu 23
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Zomite zong a tuantual ih hih khak loh nading leh mailamah kithutuak a, masuan zawh nading nakpi takin tel a, Ih“ZOMI NAM NI” ih thupit sak ding phawk huai kasa mahmah hi.
Professor C. Thang Za Tuan
Deputy - Director General
Basic Education Dept.,
Ministry of Education, Myanmar
Laaksawnna :
1. Zomi Beacon, Premier Issue 1995/1. pp.114-118. PublishedbyPublicity Department/ZRO, Lamka, Zogam, 1995 A.D.
2. Ciimnuai Magazine, 1994, Zomi Siamsin Kipawlna, Univeristies of Yangon.
